Across the world right now, states and big businesses are cracking down on dissent and preventing human rights defenders (HRDs) from carrying out their work. HRDs are threatened using a range of tactics and tools. Shielded, and often proactively aided, by repressive laws across countries, these tactics of repression are carried out with virtual impunity. Those is power are learning from one another. Importing and applying these tactics of repression in their local contexts has imposed a chilling effect on the ability of HRDs to expose human rights violations. One such tactic that occupies a prominent space in government playbooks across the world is that of surveillance.