External resources

Digital violence: How the NSO Group enables state terror

Forensic Architecture undertook 15 months of extensive open-source research, interviews assisted by Laura Poitras, and developed bespoke software to present this data as an interactive 3D platform, along with video investigations narrated by Edward Snowden to tell the stories of the individuals targeted and the web of corporate affiliations within which NSO is nested. Supported by Amnesty International and the Citizen Lab, the analysis reveals relations and patterns between separate incidents in the physical and digital sphere, demonstrating how infections are entangled with real world violence, and extend within the professional and personal networks of civil society actors worldwide.

View stories from human rights defenders targeted by NSO Group’s Pegasus, explore the comprehensive database of incidents related to the NSO Group and an interactive reconstruction of NSO Group’s corporate network.

Project by Forensic Architecture, supported by Amnesty International and The Citizen Lab.

Screenshot of the Digital Violence website homepage. There is a world map with dots on the countries where there have been incidents related to the NSO Group.

A web of impunity: The killings Iran’s internet shutdown hid

In November 2019, security forces in Iran killed at least 323 men, women and children during five days of protests which swept across the country. The deadly crackdown was accompanied by the authorities shutting down access to the internet for most of the population.

A joint investigation was carried out by Amnesty International and The Hertie School in partnership with the Internet Outage Detection and Analysis (IODA) project to uncover the details of the people who were killed in Iran in November 2019.

On the anniversary of the shutdown and the deadly crackdown, this website was created to explain what an internet shutdown is, to show why it is a serious violation of human rights, to remember those killed in the protests, and to ask for your help in seeking justice and accountability.

A screenshot of the Iran internet shutdown website homepage. The background image shows someone's hands holding flowers, and the text reads: A web of impunity. The killings Iran's internet shutdown hid.